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19th_century

- 20th_century 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s Years: 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 - 1857 - 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 ----

Events

  • January_9 - Earthquake at Fort_Tejon,_California with an estimated magnitude of 7.9 .
  • February_16 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet_University) is established in Washington,_DC becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf.
  • March_3 - France and the United_Kingdom declare war on China.
  • March_6 - The Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States rules in the ''Dred_Scott_v._Sandford'' case.
  • March_23 - Elisha_Otis' first elevator is installed (at 488 Broadway, New_York_City)
  • revolt against the British Army.
  • .
  • December_31 - Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa,_Ontario as the capital of Canada
  • The Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States decides the Dred_Scott_case, driving the country further towards the American_Civil_War
  • The Mormons abandon Las Vegas
  • Founding of Hollywood
  • Restoration of the Mexican republic (see Mexico/History)
  • James_Buchanan succeeds Franklin_Pierce as President_of_the_United_States_of_America
  • Discovery of La_Tene_culture artefacts in Switzerland by Hansli_Kopp.
  • Philip_Henry_Gosse writes ''Omphalos'' text elaborating a Creationist school of thought
  • University of Bombay established

    Year in topic

  • 1857_in_literature
  • 1857_in_science
  • Leon_Scott invents the phonautograph.
  • 1857_in_music

    Births

  • February_22 - Lord Robert_Baden-Powell, founder of the Scouting youth movement (†1941)
  • February 22 - Heinrich_Hertz, physicist
  • March_8 - Ruggiero_Leoncavallo, composer († 1919)
  • April_5 - Alexander_of_Battenberg, first prince of Bulgaria
  • May_31 - Pope_Pius_XI († 1939)
  • July_23 - Carl_Meinhof († 1944) German linguist
  • July_30 - Thorstein_Veblen, economist († 1929)
  • September_13 - Milton_S._Hershey, founder of the Hershey_Chocolate_Company
  • November_26 - Ferdinand_de_Saussure, Swiss linguist
  • November_28 - Alfonso_XII_of_Spain, later one of the Kings_of_Spain
  • December_3 - Joseph_Conrad, Polish/British novelist (Heart_of_Darkness)
  • Joseph_Tabrar, one of the most famous songwriters of British Music_Hall

    Deaths

  • February_10 - David_Thompson, British-Canadian explorer, the first European to explore Columbia_River from source to mouth.
  • May_11 - Eugène_François_Vidocq, French criminal, first director of Surete_Nationale and founder of the earliest known private_detective agency.
  • May_23 - Augustin_Louis_Cauchy, French mathematician.
  • July_19 - Stefano_Franscini, member_of_the_Swiss_Federal_Council (
  • 1796)
  • September_3 - John_McLoughlin, Hudson's_Bay_Company Factor.
  • November_26 - Joseph_von_Eichendorff, lyricist and narrator.
  • December_15 - Sir_George_Cayley, English aviation pioneer.

    Heads of State

  • China - Xianfeng Emperor_of_China, Qing_Dynasty (1850-1861)
  • Denmark - Frederick VII, King_of_Denmark (1848-1863)
  • France - Napoleon III, Emperor of France (1852-1870)
  • Norway - Oscar I, King_of_Sweden and Norway (1844-1859)
  • Ottoman_Empire - Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire (July_2, 1839 to June_25, 1861)
  • Prussia - Frederick William IV, King_of_Prussia (1840-1861)
  • Russia - Alexander II, Tsar_of_Russia (1855-1881)
  • Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September_29, 1833 to September, 1868)
  • United_States -
  • # Franklin_Pierce, President_of_the_United_States (1853-1857)
  • # James_Buchanan, President of the United States (1857-1861)
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