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19th_century

- 20th_century 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s - 1850s - 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s Years: 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 - 1854 - 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 ----

Events

  • January_13 - The accordion is patented by Anthony_Faas.
  • February_11 - Major streets lit by coal_gas for first time.
  • February_14 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall,_Texas is completed.
  • February_17 - The British recognize the independence of the Orange_Free_State.
  • February_28 - The United_States_Republican_Party is organized in Ripon,_Wisconsin.
  • March_20 - The Boston_Public_Library opens to the public.
  • and France declare war on Russia, to begin the Crimean War.
  • Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade. (See History_of_Japan)
  • May_30 - The Kansas-Nebraska_Act becomes law establishing the United States territory|US territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
  • July_6 - In Jackson,_Michigan, the first convention of the U.S. Republican Party is held.
  • July_13 - In the battle_of_Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose_Maria_Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston_de_Raousset_Boulbon.
  • , the Franco-English alliance wins the first battle of the war.
  • October_17 - Newspaper ''The_Age'' is founded in Melbourne, Australia.
  • occurs, overall a victory for the allies, but it included the disastrous cavalry Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade, from which only 200 of 700 men survive.
  • .
  • Frederick_Augustus_Albert succeeds to the throne of Saxony.
  • Stockholm,_Wisconsin is founded by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden (cf 1252).
  • Chemistry Professor Benjamin_Silliman, of Yale_University is the first to fractionate petroleum by distillation.
  • Abraham_Pineo_Gesner invents a process for extracting kerosene from coal.
  • Said_Pasha succeeds his nephew Abbas as pasha of Egypt.
  • A Russian fort is established at the present site of Almaty.
  • Aurora,_Ontario is first settled.
  • Spiegelthal excavates the tomb of Alyattes_II.
  • The Ambrotype is introduced for photography.
  • Election of New_York_City mayor Fernando_Wood begins the ascendancy of Tammany_Hall.

    Year in topic

  • 1854_in_literature:
  • Feuerbach's ''Essence_of_Christianity''
  • Henry_David_Thoreau, ''Walden''
  • 1854_in_science
  • 1854_in_music

    Births

  • January_18 - Thomas_Watson, telephone pioneer
  • February_17 - Friedrich_Alfred_Krupp, industrialist (+ 1902)
  • March_14 - Paul_Ehrlich, physician, winner of the Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine 1908 (+ 1915)
  • March 14 - Thomas_R._Marshall, US vice-president (+ 1925)
  • March_15 - Emil_Adolf_von_Behring, winner of the Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine 1901
  • May_11 - Albion_Woodbury_Small, US sociologist
  • July_3 - Leos_Janacek, Czech composer
  • July_12 - George_Eastman, inventor of the Kodak camera
  • July_27 - Takahashi_Korekiyo, Japanese prime minister (+ 1936)
  • August_2 - Milan_I, king of Serbia
  • October_16 - Oscar_Wilde, Irish writer
  • October_20 - Arthur_Rimbaud, French poet
  • November_21 - Pope_Benedict_XV (+ 1922)
  • December_23 - Victoriano_Huerta, Mexican president
  • December_24 - Thomas_Stevens, world-circling bicyclist
  • Diamond_Bessie - prostitute and murder victim (+ 1877)
  • Edward_Harkness - US philanthropist (+ 1940)
  • C._W._Post - cereal manufacturer (+ 1914)

    Deaths

  • March_13 - Thomas_Noon_Talfourd, English jurist
  • April_15 - Arthur_Aikin, English chemist and mineralogist
  • July_7 - Georg_Ohm, German physicist
  • September_8 - Angelo_Mai, Italian cardinal and philologist
  • Abbas I, pasha of Egypt

    Heads of State

  • China - Xianfeng Emperor_of_China, Qing_Dynasty (1850-1861)
  • Denmark - Frederick VII, King_of_Denmark (1848-1863)
  • France - Napoleon III, Emperor of France (1852-1870)
  • Norway - Oscar I, King_of_Sweden and Norway (1844-1859)
  • Ottoman_Empire - Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire (July_2, 1839 to June_25, 1861)
  • Prussia - Frederick William IV, King_of_Prussia (1840-1861)
  • Russia - Nicholas I, Tsar_of_Russia (December_26, 1825 to March_2, 1855)
  • Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September_29, 1833 to September, 1868)
  • United_States - Franklin_Pierce, President_of_the_United_States (1853-1857)
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